One of the most prominent signs of dementia is memory loss, which disrupts daily life. This often manifests as forgetting recently learned information, important dates, or events. Individuals may also rely heavily on memory aids or family members for reminders.

People with dementia may experience challenges in problem-solving or planning. They might struggle to follow familiar recipes, manage finances, or keep track of monthly bills, leading to confusion and frustration.

Language skills can decline in individuals with dementia. They may have trouble finding the right words, following or joining conversations, or repeating themselves frequently. This communication barrier can lead to isolation and withdrawal from social interactions.

Another key symptom is disorientation regarding time and place. Individuals may become lost in familiar environments, forget where they are, or struggle to understand the passage of time, which can cause anxiety and confusion.

Dementia can also result in significant mood swings and changes in personality. A person may become easily upset, anxious, or depressed. These emotional fluctuations can perplex the individual and their loved ones.

As cognitive decline progresses, individuals may withdraw from previously enjoyed social activities. They might lose interest in hobbies, avoid social gatherings, or spend more time alone, further exacerbating feelings of isolation.

Dementia can impair judgement, leading to poor decision-making. Individuals may exhibit unusual behaviour, such as giving away large sums of money or falling victim to scams. This change in judgement can pose significant risks to their safety and well-being.

While dementia is primarily a cognitive disorder, it can also affect physical coordination. Individuals may experience difficulty with balance, walking, or performing tasks that require fine motor skills. This can lead to an increased risk of falls and injuries.

Many individuals with dementia report changes in their sleep patterns. They may experience insomnia or sleep disturbances, increasing fatigue and confusion during the day.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of dementia is crucial for early intervention and support. Recognising these changes can help individuals and their families seek appropriate medical advice and care. While the journey through dementia can be challenging, awareness and education can empower families and caregivers to provide the necessary support to those affected.