The British Empire was extensive, reaching its peak in the early 20th century (c.1913):

The following information outlines the countries that comprised the British Empire in the early 20th century and considered the Empire's zenith:

Note: The "Area" is in "Square Miles".

The second in size of the Bahamas. See Bahamas.

Name for an ancient province of French Canada, represented by the modern Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and ceded to Great Britain in 1713. They were first settled by Scots in 1622.

At the southern extremity of Arabia, it was acquired in 1839. The settlement of Aden includes Aden, Little Aden, Shaikh Othman, Perim, Socotra and the Kuria Muria Islands - Political Resident under the Bombay Government.

District in the Northwest Territories of the Dominion of Canada. Created 1882. Elected to a Province in 1905. Capital Edmonton.

Group in the Indian Ocean, N of Mozambique Channel. Dependency of The Seychelles.

The group in the Indian Ocean Dependency of Seychelles.

SE of Bay of Bengal. Annexed 1792. Chief Commissionership of Indian Government.

The most prominent of the Bahamas is the Bahamas.

See Virgin Islands.

Leeward Islands. Unit in the presidency of St Kitts.

Island in S Atlantic 700 miles NW of St. Helena. Annexed 1815. Naval Station under the Admiralty.

Territory on the W coast of Africa. Annexed 1901 Chief Commissioner under The Gold Coast Colony.

A Chief Commissionership in the Government of India, NE of Bengal, Capital Shillong. The territory was acquired in 1825 and assigned to Bengal until 1874. They joined Eastern Bengal in 1905.

Districts in the NW provinces of the Dominion of Canada were created in 1882.

Group S. of New Zealand, Dependency of New Zealand since 1842.

Commonwealth of, A federation of the six colonies, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia and Tasmania. Created by 63 & 64 Vict c12 Jan 01, 1901. Responsible Federal Self Government.

Islands W of Windward Islands. Annexed 1904.

Group of islands in the W Indies. Capital Nassau. Discovered by Columbus. Assigned to Sir H. Gilbert 1578. First Settled 1612. Assigned to Great Britain in 1783. Crown Colony.

Group in the Persian Gulf. Capital Moharek. Protectorate since 1847. Political Resident (Bushire).

Country to the W of India. Divided (1876-1899) into three divisions: 1) British Territory, 2) Native States of Kalat and Las Bela, and 3) Tribal Areas. Agent for the Governor-General of India.

Most easterly of the West Indies. 100 miles E of St Vincent. Chief town.

First occupied 1605. Crown Colony.

Leeward Is. Dependency of Antigua Settled 1661-1662.

Most of the four principalities in British India were controlled by an agent of the governor-general. The head is The Gaikwar - British Resident 1780.

British port on the island of Kishm, near the entrance to the Persian Gulf. Persian Gulf Political Residency.

Territory in S. Africa SE of Orange River Colony. From 1871 to 1884, part of Cape Colony. Since 1884, under a Resident Commissioner, the High Commissioner of South Africa.

Territory of S. Africa, divided into colony of British Bechuanaland, annexed (1895) to Cape of Good Hope, and Protectorate under Resident Commissioner. Protectorate was first proclaimed in 1885.

Province of British India under a Lieutenant-Governor. Capital Calcutta. Comprises Behar, Orissa, Chotia Nagpur. Established 1854. Reconstructed 1905.

District of British Guiana. It was settled by the Dutch in 1624 and ceded to England in 1814.

A group in N Atlantic 360 miles from N Carolina. Capital Hamilton. Discovered by Bermudez about 1527. Settled 1609-1612, Crown Colony.

It is an independent state in the eastern Himalayas. Its capital is Punakha. Since 1865, the British sphere of influence has been regulated by treaty and subsidy.

A Presidency in British India under a Governor, Bombay's capital. It was established as a president in 1668.

Protected country on Shire River and W. side of Lake Nyasa. Capital Blantyre. Protectorate proclaimed 1891 - Commissioner under Foreign Office.

Province in the Dominion of Canada. Capital Victoria. It constituted a Crown Colony in 1858. It was incorporated into the Dominion in 1871.

Protectorate on the E coast of Africa. Capital Mombasa. 1888-1895, administered by Chartered Imperial British East Africa Company 1895, transferred to British Government under Foreign Office 1904. Commissioner and Consul-General under the Colonial Office.

Colony in S. America, Capital Georgetown. Includes Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice. The first English settlement was in 1604. It was finally ceded to England in 1814. Since 1891, a Crown Colony has been formed with a partly elective council.

Colony on the east coast of Central America, capital Belize. Discovered by Columbus in 1502. English settlers 1630-1798. Undisputed British possession since 1798; 1862 constituted a colony; and since 1870, a Crown Colony.

The SE part of the island of New Guinea. Chief town Port Moresby. Discovered by Antonio di Abrea in 1511. British Protectorate 1884 transferred to the Australian Commonwealth 1901 - Crown Colony under the Governor-General of Australia.

Territory at NE of the island of Borneo. Chief town Sandakan. Since 1882, under the British North Borneo Company.

The native state is between British N. Borneo and Sarawak. The chief town is Brunei. Since 1888, the Protectorate has been under the Governor of the Straits Settlements.

Province of a Lieut-Governor in further India under the Indian Government comprises Lower Burma (annexed (1825-1852) and Upper Burma (1886). It constituted a Lieutenant-Governorship in 1888.

See Turks and Caicos Islands.

Dominion of the self-governing Federation of British colonies (save Newfoundland) in N. America comprised Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island and the N W Provinces (1867-1898). The province of Saskatchewan, Alberta, created in 1905, is the Federal capital and seat of the Dominion Parliament, Ottawa.

Island forming part of the province of Nova Scotia. Capital Sydney. Taken from French 1758. Separate colony 1784-1819. Assigned to Nova Scotia 1820.

Self-governing colony at S. extremity of Africa. Includes twelve islands off Angra-Pequena (1874), Kaffraria (1879), Walfisch Bay (1878), Griqualand W. (1880), Tembuland (1881), Pondoland (1894), British Bechuanaland (1895). Capital Cape Town. Dutch settlement 1648-1795; 1814 finally ceded to England. Responsible self-governing Colony since 1872.

Three islands NW of Jamaica. Dependency of Jamaica.

The province in central British India, which includes Berars, is under a Chief Commissioner of the Govt. of India and was created in 1861.

Island off the southern extremity of India. Capital Colombo. 1507-1658 Portuguese settlement; 1658-1795 Dutch settlement; 1795 annexed by Great Britain. 1801, a separate colony. Crown Colony.

An appendage of the Duchy of Normandy. United to English Crown since 1066. Autonomous government under the British Crown.

Group of islands to the east of New Zealand. Dependency of New Zealand.

200 miles SW of Java. Dependency of the Straits Settlements since 1889.

See Keeling Islands.

Group in S. Pacific Dependency of New Zealand.

The smallest province of British India. Capital Merkara was annexed in 1834 under a Chief Commissioner.

Island in the Levant. Capital Nicosia. Under the Lusignan family, 1192-1489; Venice, 1489-1571; and Ottoman Sultan, 1571-1878, it was transferred by treaty to Great Britain in 1878. Crown Colony.

In Chagos group in the Indian Ocean. Dependency of Mauritius.

Or the islands of Pangkor. Ceded 1826. Pan of the Straits Settlement.

Leeward Islands, W Indies. Capital Roseau or Charlottestown. Discovered by Columbus in 1493, 1763, and assigned to Great Britain [1778-1783 in French possession]. Crown Colony. The Presidency of the Leeward Islands.

District of British Guiana. Dutch 1624-1814; ceded to Great Britain 1814.

Province of the colony of The Cape of Good Hope.

A State whose territory includes the Libyan Desert. The English occupation dates from 1882. The State is governed by the Khedive, nominally dependent on the Sultan of Turkey, subject to the advice of the British Agent and Consul-General and the rights of Great Britain regulated by the Convention of London, 1885 and defined by Anglo-French Convention, 1904. British Agent Consul-General. Virtual Protectorate.

Group of nine islands in S. Pacific. High Commissioner for the W. Pacific.

District of Brit. Guiana. Dutch 1624-1814; ceded to Great Britain 1814.

A group in the S. Atlantic, 300 miles east of Magellan Straits. Davis discovered them in 1592, and they were finally annexed by Great Britain in 1832. South Georgia is a dependency; it was founded in 1675 and occupied in 1775. It is a Crown Colony.

N. Pacific. Commissioner of the W. Pacific.

Group with the dependent island Rotumab in S. Pacific. Capital Suva. Discovered by Tasman in 1643 and annexed in 1874. Crown Colony.

A district of the NW. Territories in the Dominion of Canada. Created in 1895.

See Tonga.

Settlement and Protectorate on the W. coast of Africa. Capital, Barhurst. English trade connections date from 1588. The new settlement, 1816; a separate colony, 1843; 1866-1888, part of the W. African Settlements; separate govt. 1888. Protectorate organised 1894-1901. Crown Colony.

Fortress at the W. entrance to the Mediterranean. Captured 1704 and ceded to Great Britain 1713. Crown Colony under a Military Governor.

Group in the Pacific. High Commissioner for the W. Pacific.

The colony's capital is Accra, on the Guinea coast of Africa. English trade relations date from 1618. The Royal Africa Company lasted from 1672 to 1752. From 1821 to 1851, it was a dependency of Sierra Leone. Finally, in 1874, it became a separate Crown Colony.

See Malta.

Peninsula in the Antarctic Region S. of Falkland Islands.

One of the Windward Islands, West Indies. Capital St. George. Discovered by Columbus in 1498. French occupation, 1650-1762, 1779-1783; British, 1762-1779, and from 1783. Crown Colony.

Group of small islands in the West Indies. The largest Carriacou is annexed to Grenada; the others are to St. Vincent.

District incorporated in the colony of Cape of Good Hope in 1880.

See Cook Islands.

It is an island at the mouth of the Canton River in China. It was ceded to Britain in 1841. British Kowloon on the mainland was ceded in 1861 and extended in 1898. It is a crown colony.

The chief of the Mahometan feudatory states in British India. The head is the Nizam - British Resident since 1803.

Founded in 1670 to trade to Hudson's Bay (discovered by H. Hudson, 1609-1610.) The company territories were transferred to the Dominion of Canada in 1869.

That part of the Indian Peninsula is under British rule and influence, including districts under direct administration and the native states. It is divided into 9 Provinces and certain minor charges 1600-1858, administered by The East India Company. In 1858, the Crown resumed its sovereign rights. India's supreme executive and legislative power is vested in the Governor-General in Council, subject to the Secretary of State for India, who is responsible to the Crown in Parliament. In 1876, the Crown of Great Britain took the title of Emperor of India.

An Island in the Irish Sea. Under Norse Parliaments and Norwegian Crown, 890-1265. Rival claimants, 1265-1406. Held by the House of Stanley, 1406-1765. Under the British Crown from 1765. Autonomous self-government by a Governor, with a Council and the House of Keys.

The largest of the British West Indian Islands. Capital Kingston. Discovered by Columbus in 1494. It was in Spanish Possession till 1655, when an English force, Crown Colony, captured it.

Port on the Persian coast in the Gulf of Oman. Persian Gulf Political Residency.

Native state at S. extremity of Malay Peninsula. Protectorate proclaimed in 1885 under the Governor of the Straits Settlements.

A native feudatory state in NW. of British India. Capital, Srinagar. British Political Resident since 1846.

Group about 700 miles SW. of Sumatra. Annexed in 1878 and 1886, it was made a dependency on Singapore.

District in the NW. Territories of the Dominion of Canada. Created 1876. Kermadec Islands, a group in the S. Pacific. Dependency of New Zealand.

A country of unknown extent in the Antarctic regions of the E. of Victoria Land. It was discovered 1902.

See Hong-Kong.

Five islands off the S. coast of Arabia. Acquired 1884. Part of the Settlement of Aden.

Coast territory from Cape Chudleigh to Strait of Belle Isle. Discovered by Norsemen in the ninth century, and by Cabot 1487; ceded to England 1763; annexed to Quebec 1773-1809. Since 1809, a Dependency of Newfoundland.

Island off the coast of Brunei, North Borneo. Ceded to Great Britain in 1846. British North Borneo Company.

Group of islands 200 miles. W.of Malabar coast, Annexed to Madras Presidency.

Island on the Guinea Coast of W. Africa. Capital, Lagos. It includes Abeokuta, Yoruba, and Ikorodu. Erected into a separate colony in 1886. The protectorate was formed in 1865-1895. Crown Colony.

Annexed to Hong Kong.

The English Leeward Islands, in 1871, were constituted a Federal Colony in five Presidencies - Antigua, Montserrat, St. Kitt's and Nevis, Dominica, and the Virgin Islands. Administrative capital, St. John's, Antigua. Crown Colony.

See Hong-Kong.

In the Pacific. Dependency of New South Wales.

See Quebec.

District in the NW Territories of the Dominion of Canada. Created 1895.

The Presidency of Fort St. George is the oldest province of British India. Founded in 1639, it is governed by a Governor appointed directly by the Crown and subordinate to the Governor-General.

A province of the Straits Settlements. Capital, Malacca, Occupied by Portuguese, 1511-1641. Held by Dutch, 1641-1795. Captured by British, 1795. Returned to the Dutch, 1818-1824, then exchanged in 1824 for Sumatra.

Federation of Protected Malay States - Perak, Selangor, Negris-Sembilan, Pahang - under the Commissioner for the Straits Settlements, Protectorate.

Coral Island in the Pacific.

Group lying 500 miles. W. of Ceylon. Dependency of Ceylon.

Island in the Mediterranean, 60 miles. S. of Sicily. Capital, Valetta. 1190-1530, under the House of Aragon; 1530-1798, under the Knights of St. John; 1798-1800, in the hands of the French; from 1800, British. Crown Colony.

Group in the Pacific. Dependency of New Zealand.

Province in the Dominion of Canada. Capital Winnipeg. Formerly the Red River Settlement of the Hudson Bay Company. Created a province in 1870.

A district of Rhodesia (Southern).

A district of Rhodesia (Southern).

Island in the Indian Ocean 500 miles. E of Madagascar. Capital Port Louis. Discovered by Portuguese, 1509; Dutch, 1598-1721; French (with the name of Isle of France), 1721-1810; British from 1810. The Chagos Islands, the St. Brandon, and Rodrigues are dependencies. Crown Colony

One of the Leeward Islands. Capital Plymouth. Discovered by Columbus in 1493. French 1664-1668, 1782-1784; English, 1632-1664, and since 1668. A Presidency in the Crown Colony of the Leeward Islands.

It is a native feudatory state in the South of British India. Its capital is Mysore. The state was created by the British Government in 1779. In 1831, the Rajah was deposed. In 1881, the State was restored to a native dynasty - British Political Residents.

Colony on the coast of South Africa. Includes Zululand. Vryheid, Utrecht, and part of Wakkerstroom (1903). Capital, Pietermaritzburg. It constituted a separate colony in 1850 - a responsible self-governing Colony since 1893.

A Federation of small Malay States, forming part of the Malay States Protectorate, organised from 1882 to 1895.

Kingdom in the Himalayas, Capital Kathmandu. The British sphere of influence has been regulated by treaty since 1815. British Political Resident.

One of the Leewards. Capital Charlestown. Discovered by Columbus in 1498. English since 1628. Part of the Presidency of St. Kill's.

Province in the Dominion of Canada. Capital Fredericton. Formerly part of the French Province of Acadia. Ceded to England in 1713. Separated from Nova Scotia in 1784. Incorporated in the Dominion-1867.

An island colony at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Capital, St. Johns. Discovered by John Cabot, 1497; annexed by Gilbert, 1578; settled in 1623; finally ceded to England in 1713. He claims to be the Premier Colony of Great Britain - responsible self-government since 1855. See Labrador.

One of the Bahamas. Capital Nassau.

A colony in the E. of Australia. Capital Sydney. In 1770, Cook named it New South Wales: first settlement, 1788. Responsible self-government was established in 1855. A self-governing State in the Federal Commonwealth of Australia, 1901.

Consists of the North and Middle Islands, with Stewart Island. Capital, Wellington. The Auckland, Chatham, Kermadec and Cook Islands are dependencies. New Zealand, discovered by Tasman, 1642; circumnavigated by Cook, 1769; sovereignty ceded to Great Britain, 1840; self-government 1852 - responsible self-governing Colony.

Group of Islands S. of the Andaman Islands. Annexed 1869. Together with the Andaman Islands, they form a Chief Commissionership under the Indian Government.

See Northern Nigeria and Southern Nigeria.

About 900 miles. from Sydney. They were discovered by Cook in 1774. Pitcairn Islanders removed it in 1859 - dependency of New South Wales.

Territory on the Benue and Middle Niger, West Africa. Capital Zungeru. It is secured to Great Britain by the Royal Niger Company from 1881 and by international convention, 1885-1898. Administration transferred from the Company to the Crown in 1900. Protectorate under a High Commissioner. North-West Provinces. See United Provinces and Oudh.

An administrative district on NW. India's frontier comprises Hazara District and four districts: Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, and Dera Ismail. It was first established in 1901 - agent to the Governor-General of India.

The territories to the N. of Ashanti. Constituted a separate district with this title under a commissioner in 1897. Delimited, 1898, 1899, and 1901-1902. Placed under the Gold Coast Government, 1901. Chief Commissioner.

A province in the Dominion of Canada, formerly part of Rupert's Land, composed of Alberta, Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Keewatin, Athabasca, Yukon, Mackenzie, Ungava and Franklin. First formed in 1876, re-organised in 1882, further re-organised in 1895, 1897, and 1905.

Province of the Dominion of Canada. Capital Halifax. It was discovered by John Cabot in 1497 and ceded by France to England in 1713. Cape Breton was captured in 1758, added to Novia Scotia in 1819, and incorporated in the Dominion in 1867.

An independent State in the SE. Arabia. Capital, Muscat. In 1856, the Sultanate was separated from that of Zanzibar. Since 1856, the Sultan has entered into close relations with the Indian Government, and Oman has been claimed as a sphere of British influence. A Political Agent resides in Muscat. Persian Gulf Political Residency.

A self-governing colony in the Dominion of Canada. Capital Toronto. Ceded to Great Britain, 1763; a separate province, 1791; reunited with Lower Canada, 1840; incorporated in the Dominion as a separate province, 1867.

A colony in S. Africa, north of the Orange River, and S. of the Vaal River. Capital, Bloemfontein. Settlement began after 1836. In 1854, Great Britain recognised the independence of the Orange Free State. As a result of the Boer War, the State was annexed on May 28, 1900, and constituted the Orange River Colony in 1902. Temporarily a Crown Colony.

A group of islands to the N. of Scotland. Capital, Kirk wall. Under Norwegian jarls, 872-1231; nominally under the King of Norway, 1231-1471; annexed to Scotland since 1471.

(See also United Provinces). Formerly a native kingdom, it is now part of the Lieut-Governorship of the United Provinces in British India. Capital Lucknow. Annexed 1856; a separate province until 1877, when it was united with the North-West Provinces. Lieutenant-Governor. Pahang is the largest of the Protected Malay States - Pemba, an island in the Protectorate of Zanzibar.

Island formerly called Prince of Wales Island and the first British Settlement in the Malay Peninsula. Ceded in 1785. See Straits Settlements.

In the S. Pacific. Dependency of New Zealand. Perak is the most northerly of the Protected Malay States - British Resident since 1874.

An island in the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb. Occupied since 1857 and annexed to the Settlement of Aden.

The principal ports are Bander Abbas, Lingah, and Bushire. Basidu and Jask are British. Political Agents reside at Muscat and Bushire, and the Gulf is claimed to be a British sphere of influence under the Chief Political Agent for the Persian Gulf to the Government of Bombay, who is resident in Bushire.

South Pacific. Discovered by Carteret, 1767-1780. Occupied by the mutineers of H.M.S. Bounty. British colony by settlement. High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. See Norfolk Island.

Island province in the Dominion of Canada. Capital Charlottetown. Discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1497. Taken from French, 1758. A separate colony, 1770. Responsible self-government 1881. Incorporated in the Dominion, 1873.

The historical name for the districts was assigned in 1670 to the Hudson Bay Company, of which Prince Rupert was the first governor. It is roughly represented by the North-West Territories in the Dominion of Canada.

District in the Malay Peninsula opposite Penang. Acquired 1798.

A province under a Lieutenant-Governor in the NW. of British India. Roughly conforms to the territories of the former Sikh kingdom. Capital Lahore. It was annexed in 1849.

A self-governing province in the Dominion of Canada. Capital, Quebec. Ontario was ceded to Great Britain in 1763, created a separate province in 1791, reunited with Upper Canada in 1840, and incorporated into the Dominion as a separate province in 1867.

Colony in the NE. of Australia. Capital, Brisbane. Moreton Bay Settlement was formed in New South Wales in 1824. Separate colony of Queensland, 1859, when self-government was granted. Since 1901, a responsible self-governing State in the Federal Common Wealth of Australia.

British India consists of 19 Principalities, besides Ajmer-Merwara (the chief of Mawar, Marwar, Bikaner, and Jaipur), under British suzerainty and control. The formation of this political area under British control dates from 1818.

One of the Leeward Islands. Dependency of the Presidency of Antigua.

South African Territories extend north from the Transvaal and Bechuanaland to Congo Free State and Lake Tanganyika. Capital Salisbury. They were named after Cecil J. Rhodes, founder of the British South Africa Company in 1889. The territories were acquired 1889-1901. Organised into Southern Rhodesia (Mashonaland and Matabeleland) and Northern Rhodesia (NE and NW. Rhodesia). The British South Africa Company. Rodrigues, in the Indian Ocean, 350 miles E. of Mauritius. Dependency of Mauritius. Rotumah is an island in the South Pacific - a dependency of Fiji.

Island in the South Atlantic. Capital Jamestown. Discovered by Castella, 1502. Held by Dutch, 1645-1650; by East India Company, 1651-1834. Transferred to the Crown, 1833. Crown Colony.

A Presidency in the Leeward Islands, which includes Nevis and Anguilla. Capital Basseterre. It was first settled in 1623 but not permanently British until 1713. Crown Colony.

One of the Windward Islands. Capital Castries. Columbus discovered it in 1502 and settled by the English in 1639. Possession disputed with France, 1642-1802. From 1803, permanently British. Crown Colony.

One of the Windward Islands. Capital Kingstown. Discovery was attributed to Columbus in 1498 and first settled in 1722. Possession was disputed with France until 1783 when it was assigned to Great Britain. Crown Colony

A State on the W. Coast of Borneo. Capital, Kuching. It was founded by Sir J. Brooke in 1842 and extended in 1861, 1882, and 1885. British Protectorate was proclaimed in 1888 - Protectorate under the Rajah of Sarawak.

District in the North-West Territories in the Dominion of Canada. Created 1882. Erected into a Province 1905. Capital, Regina.

One of the protected Malay States. Capital, Kwala Lumpor. British Resident since 1874.

Group in the Indian Ocean, 900miles N. of Madagascar, Capital Port Victoria in Mane, the largest island. Discovered 1505. In the French possession from 1740-1794, when captured by the British. It was organised as a British colony in 1810 and separated from Mauritius in 1903. Crown Colony.

See Orkney and Shetland islands.

Colony on the W. Coast of Africa, with a Protectorate attached. Capital Freetown. It was founded in 1788 and subsequently extended by a series of treaties. Protectorate over the Hinterland proclaimed, 1896 - Crown Colony.

Indian Feudatory State in the Himalayas. Proclaimed a Protectorate in 1889. Resident British Political Agent.

Island at the S. extremity of the Malay Peninsula. Occupied in 1819 and 1826, it united with Penang and Malacca as a Presidency under the East India Company until 1867, when it was erected into a separate Crown Colony.

An island about 150 miles E. of Cape Guardafui, East Africa. Capital, Tamarido. British Protectorate since 1886, annexed to the Settlement of Aden.

A group in the Pacific, under British protection, proclaimed 1893. Choiseul and Isabel are the chief islands.

Territory in NE. Africa. Capital Berbera. Proclaimed a Protectorate 1884. Transferred, 1897, from the Indian Government to the Foreign Office.

See Bermudas.

Colony on the S. coast of Australia. Capital Adelaide. First Settlement 1836. Responsible Government 1856. The Northern Territory was added in 1861-1863. Since 1901, has been the responsible self-governing state of the Federal Commonwealth of Australia.

Uninhabited island S Atlantic, SE of the Falkland Islands. Dependency of the Falkland Islands.

A group of islands in the Antarctic.

A group of islands in the Antarctic north of Graham Land.

It is a territory between the Lagos Protectorate and the Cameroons, including Benin and the Oil Rivers. The Capital is Old Calabar. The British Protectorate was proclaimed in 1885 and constituted Southern Nigeria in 1900 - a Protectorate under a High Commissioner.

A Crown Colony in the Malay Peninsula was constituted in 1867 when it was separated from the Indian Government. It comprises Singapore, Malacca, The Dindings, Christmas Island, and the Protectorate of the Malay States. Singapore is the administrative capital.

Anglo-Egyptian, country S of the frontier of Egypt, which includes Darfur and Kordofan. Capital, Khartoum. Under the rule of Egypt till 1882, under the Mahdi and Khalifa, 1882-1899. They were recovered by the Anglo-Egyptian army, 1896-1899. British rights were secured by the Anglo-Egyptian Convention in 1899 - an administrative Protectorate under the Governor-General.

Protected Malay State incorporated with Negri Sembilap.

The Bass Straits separated the island from Australia (explored in 1797). It was discovered by Tasman in 1642 and called Van Diemen's Land until 1853. It was occupied by England in 1803. Responsible government, 1856. Since 1901, has been the responsible self-governing state of the Commonwealth of Australia.

A State under the suzerainty of China to the north of British India. Capital, Lhasa. From 1890 to 1903, relations with the Indian Government were regulated by the Treaties of 1890 and 1893. 1903-1904, the British Tibetan Expedition. A new convention was arranged in 1904 at Lhasa.

Island in the N. Atlantic 20 miles NE of Trinidad. Capital, Scarborough. Discovered by Columbus in 1498. British flag hoisted, 1580. Possession was disputed until 1684 when it was declared neutral. 1763-1781 - British. 1781-1793 - French. It was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1814. It was amalgamated with Trinidad in 1889. Crown Colony.

Group in the S. Pacific to the E. of Fiji. Capital Nakualofa. High Commissioner for the Western Pacific.

Chief of the Virgin Islands.

It extends from the Vaal River N. to the Limpopo River, the capital of Pretoria. It was first settled in 1836-1848. It was organised as the South African Republic in 1884; annexed to Great Britain in 1877-1881; relations with Great Britain regulated by the Conventions of 1881 and 1884; and finally annexed and constituted the Transvaal Colony in 1900. As a Crown colony under a Governor until 1905, self-government was part of the organisational process.

A native feudatory State in the extreme S. of British India. Capital,

Under British protection from 1795. British Political Resident.

Island north of the Orinoco River, South America. Capital, Port of Spain. Discovered by Columbus in 1498. Spanish until 1797, when it was captured by Great Britain and was ceded by Spain in 1802. Amalgamated with Tobago, 1889. Crown Colony.

A small group in the South Atlantic (Gough's Island, Inaccessible, and Nightingale). It was occupied between 1816 and 1821. There is no Government and no crime.

The two SEs. Groups of the Bahamas, W. Indies. Capital Grand Turk. Discovery was attributed to Columbus in 1493. Spain claimed them until 1799, when they were annexed to the Bahamas. They were constituting a separate dependency on Jamaica in 1848.

A territory lying N. of Victoria Nyanza. Administrative centre, Entebbe. The protectorate was proclaimed in 1894 and extended in 1896; the Railway from Port Florence to Mombasa was completed in 1903 - Commissionership in the British East African Protectorate.

District in the North-Western Territories of the Dominion of Canada. Created 1895.

A province under Lieut-Governor, formerly called the North West Provinces, as being to the NW. of Calcutta and Lower Bengal. Capital Allahabad. They became British 1705-1801. Organised as a Presidency in 1833 and then as a Lieut-Governorship in 1858. Oudh was added in 1877.

See Ontario.

An island in the province of British Columbia, in the Dominion of Canada. Discovered by Juan de Fuca in 1592. Surveyed by Cook and Vancouver, 1778-1785. First settlement, 1843. United with British Columbia, 1866.

Colony in Australia. Capital Melbourne. First permanent settlement, 1834. It created a separate colony in 1851, with a responsible government, in 1855. Since 1901, it has been a responsible self-governing State in the Commonwealth of Australia.

The Coast of Victoria Land, in the Antarctic region, lies south of New Zealand's southern extremity and runs from about 71 to at least 83 degrees S. - i.e., measures about 300 miles.

A group in the Leeward Islands. Chief town. Roadtown (Tortola). Discovered by Columbus in 1493. English since 1666. Presidency in the Colony of the Leeward Islands.

A harbour with adjacent territory in German South-West Africa. Annexed by Great Britain, 1878. Dependency of the Cape of Good Hope.

In the province of Shantung, in China. The port, with its adjacent islands and territory, was leased by China to Great Britain in 1898 for as long as Port Arthur should remain in the possession of Russia.

Colony occupying the continent of Australia, west of S. Australia. Capital Perth. First settlement, 1827. The colony was formally established in 1829. Responsible government, 1890. Since 1901, has been the responsible self-governing state of the Commonwealth of Australia.

The High Commissionership was created by Order in Council in 1877, and the overall islands in the W. Pacific were not within the limits of Fiji, Queensland, and New South Wales, nor under the jurisdiction of any civilised Power. Fiji High Commissioner. Windward Islands, a group in the West Indies. They consist of St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbados, the Grenadines, Grenada, Tobago, and Trinidad. See separate entries. Yukon is a district in the North-West Territories of the Dominion of Canada. They were created in 1895.

A Sultanate off the coast of German East Africa, it was separated from Muscat in 1856. The British Protectorate was established in 1890 with a British Political Agent under the Foreign Office.

Province in the colony of Natal. It was annexed 1897.

One of 36 ancient provinces of France. United with the English Crown 1154-1204.

This province in France was acquired by Henry II by his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152. Henry V resumed the title of Duke of Aquitaine in 1418. After many vicissitudes, the duchy was definitely lost in 1453.

A province in France which formed part of the dominions of Henry II of England between 1158 and 1180.

A settlement on the island of Sumatra. We exchanged in 1824 for Malacca

A duchy in NW. France. Acquired by Henry II in 1159 and lost in 1203.

Captured by Edward III in 1347, it was retaken by the French in 1558.

Captured by the British in 1809 and restored to France in 1814.

In the Caribbean Sea, captured in 1807 and restored to the Dutch in 1814.

Captured 1658. Sold by Charles II to Louis XIV in 1662.

It is now part of the United States of America. It was ceded to Great Britain in 1763 and re-ceded to Spain in 1783.

It was part of historic Aquitaine, S. of the R. Garonne. United with the English Crown in 1154, it was finally lost in 1451 after many changes.

Taken 1758, 1779, 1800, 1804, Ceded to France 1814.

The Electorate of Hanover in N. Germany. United with the Crown 1714-1837.

In the island of Cuba, captured in 1761 and re-ceded to Spain in 1763.

Island in the N. Sea, captured from Denmark 1807, ceded to Germany 1890, Ionian Isles, captured 1809-1813. Under the British Protectorate until 1863.

In the Eastern Archipelago. Capitulated to British 1811, restored to the Dutch 1814.

Captured in 1761, they re-ceded to Spain in 1763.

Province in the NW. of France. Seized by William the Conqueror in 1169, it was lost in 1204 and held by Edward III. 1357-1360.

Island in the W. Mediterranean. Captured in 1708, it was ceded to Spain in 1783.

It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean. It was held by Great Britain from 1810-1814 and then restored to the Dutch.

They united with the English Crown from 1689-1701.

A Duchy in the N. of France united with the English Crown in 1066 and held, except for 1135-1154, until 1204. Re-conquered 1418, finally lost in 1453.

United with the English Crown 1154-1203 and 1360-1369.

Captured in 1761, 1778, 1793, and 1803, and restored to France in 1815.

On the Isthmus of Panama. Captured 1739, ceded 1748.

This was captured in 1810 and restored to France in 1815.

Captured in 1758, 1800, and restored to France in 1814.

Dutch possessions on the island were captured in 1811 and restored in 1816.

Captured in 1802, 1804, and restored to the Dutch in 1814.

On the NW. Coast of Africa. Held by England 1662-1684.

A province in France united with the English Crown 1154-1203.

The 13 colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, founded between 1609 and 1732) issued the Declaration of Independence (1776), were separated from Great Britain by the Peace of Versailles (1783) and became the foundation of The United States.

Great Britain has held various W Indies islands. The chiefs are Guadeloupe (French), who were captured and held in 1759, 1779, 1794, 1810, and 1815 and restored to France in 1816. Martinique (French) was captured in 1762, 1794, 1809, and 1815, when it was finally restored to France. St. Eustatius was captured in 1690, 1781, 1801, and 1810 and restored to the Dutch in 1814.

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