The "Yellow Peril" emerged in the late 19th century, reflecting fears of East Asian immigration and cultural influence, leading to policies like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

Similarly, the "Green Peril" describes fears of Islamic fundamentalism, especially post-Cold War, paralleling these anxieties.

The Islamic conquests began in the 7th century, with rapid expansions under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, which covered regions from Spain to India. Some interpretations of the Quran, such as the Sword Verse (9:5), and hadiths, like "I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify," suggest a mandate for conquest. However, many scholars argue that these were context-specific.

Both concepts involve fears of Eastern threats to the West, with historical events like the Battle of Tours (732 CE) and Ottoman sieges of Vienna (1529, 1683) mirroring the "Yellow Peril" narrative. Modern concerns, such as Islamic terrorism, echo these fears, linking the "lands of yellow sands" (desert regions) to Islamic expansion.

This report provides a detailed examination of the "Yellow Peril" and its parallels with the perceived threat from Islam, focusing on historical Islamic conquests and their religious justifications. It addresses the user's request to link these concepts, highlighting Islam's historical aggressiveness in conquests and their perceived divine mandate, as of June 27, 2025.

The term "Yellow Peril" originated in the late 19th century, encapsulating Western fears of East Asian, particularly Chinese, immigration and cultural influence. This fear was rooted in racism and economic competition, as seen in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which prohibited Chinese labour immigration and denied citizenship, effective until 1943. In Europe, Kaiser Wilhelm II used "die Gelbe Gefahr" in 1895 to justify colonial interests in China, as depicted in Hermann Knackfuss's lithograph "Peoples of Europe, Guard Your Most Sacred Possessions."

By the 1960s, Asian Americans attempted to reclaim the term, aligning with civil rights movements like the Third World Liberation Front, using slogans like "Yellow Peril Supports Black Power" to challenge its racist origins. This evolution highlights the complex legacy of the Yellow Peril, transitioning from a tool of exclusion to a symbol of resistance.

Similar to the "Yellow Peril," the "Green Peril" refers to the fear of Islamic fundamentalism, particularly after the Cold War, as a new global threat. The colour green is significant in Islam, associated with paradise and featured in flags such as those of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This fear is symbolised by Middle Eastern Muslim fundamentalists, seen as armed with radical ideology and intent on launching a violent jihad against Western civilisation, as discussed in "The 'Green Peril': Creating the Islamic Fundamentalist Threat".

Historical parallels include the fear of Ottoman expansion into Europe, with sieges of Vienna in 1529 and 1683, and the Battle of Tours in 732, where Charles Martel stopped Muslim advances. Modern concerns, such as the 9/11 attacks and the rise of ISIS, have fuelled similar anxieties, linking the "lands of yellow sands" (desert regions) to Islamic expansion.

Islam's early conquests, initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, expanded rapidly under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, establishing Muslim rule across three continents. Key events include:

Motivations included religious zeal, economic gain (booty and resources), and political unification, as noted in historical analyses. The conquests were facilitated by the weakness of the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires and the cohesion provided by Islam.

The concept of jihad, meaning "struggle," encompasses both spiritual and military dimensions. Military jihad has been interpreted to justify conquests, with verses like Quran 9:5 ("Slay the idolaters wherever you find them") and 2:191 ("And kill them wherever you overtake them") often cited. Hadiths, such as "I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify that there is no god but Allah," found in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, are also referenced.

However, interpretations vary. Many scholars argue that these commands were specific to the historical context of defending against polytheist opposition in Arabia, rather than a universal mandate for conquest. Verses such as Quran 2:256 ("There is no compulsion in religion") and 60:8 ("Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion") emphasise peace and tolerance, highlighting the controversy surrounding these interpretations.

The link between the "Yellow Peril" and Islam lies in shared Western fears of Eastern threats. While the "Yellow Peril" focused on East Asians, the "Green Peril" addresses Islamic expansion, both perceived as aiming to conquer and convert the West. Historical events like the Ottoman sieges and modern terrorism concerns parallel the fear of Asian hordes invading, as seen in the "Yellow Peril" narrative. The user's reference to "invaders from the lands of yellow sands" aligns with the desert regions of the Middle East, connecting to Islamic conquests.

The "Yellow Peril" and fears of Islamic expansion share a common thread of Western anxiety about Eastern domination, rooted in historical conquests and religious interpretations. While Islamic texts contain verses and hadiths that can be seen as aggressive, diverse scholarly views emphasise context-specific applications, reflecting the complexity of these narratives as of June 27, 2025.