The "Yellow Peril" emerged in the late 19th century, driven by fears of East Asian, especially Chinese, immigration and economic impact on Western societies. This fear led to discriminatory laws, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, reflecting deep-seated racism and economic competition.

Slavery has been a widespread practice across various cultures and periods, shaping economies and societies. It was not limited to any single region, with evidence from ancient Mesopotamia to modern times.

The Industrial Revolution refers to significant economic, technological, and social changes that transformed societies from agricultural to industrial. Four main industrial revolutions have taken place so far.